Time & Place
- Time: 1491 BC
- Location: Wilderness of Sin → Rephidim
- Setting: Israel journeying shortly after the Exodus, prior to arrival at Sinai (Exod 16–18)
Where Are We in the Text?
- Israel lacks water and contends with Moses at Rephidim (Exod 17:1–3)
- Water is provided from the rock at Horeb by divine command (Exod 17:4–7)
- Amalek attacks Israel; Joshua leads the battle while Moses intercedes (Exod 17:8–13)
- The LORD declares ongoing conflict with Amalek (Exod 17:14–16)
Where Are We in Time?
- Only weeks have passed since Israel crossed the Red Sea and departed Egypt (Exod 14–15).
- The events occur before Israel reaches Mount Sinai and receives the Law (Exod 19:1).
- Israel is in the early phase of wilderness journeying, learning dependence on the LORD (Exod 16–17).
Where Are We on the Map?
- Wilderness of Sin: Region between Elim and Sinai (Exod 16:1).
- Rephidim: Encampment site near Horeb where water is provided and Amalek attacks (Exod 17:1, 6, 8).
Where Are We in God’s Program? (Dispensational)
- Israel is redeemed but not yet constituted under the Mosaic Law (Exod 12–14; 19–20).
- God demonstrates provision and protection prior to covenant legislation (Exod 16–17).
- Amalek represents early Gentile opposition to God’s redeemed nation (Exod 17:8–16).
Why This Matters
- God supplies physical need according to His promise despite Israel’s murmuring (Exod 17:2–6).
- Victory over Amalek is shown to depend on divine intercession rather than military strength alone (Exod 17:9–13).
How This Chapter Relates to What Follows
- Jethro’s counsel will address leadership structure and administration (Exod 18).
- Israel will soon arrive at Sinai to receive the Law (Exod 19–20).
Summary Orientation
- Israel tests the LORD in need, and the LORD provides.
- External opposition arises before covenant law is given.
- God establishes patterns of provision, intercession, and dependence that precede Sinai.